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Developing a Taste for the Necessary:

A Bourdieuian Approach to Digital Inequality & “Information Habitus”

 

 

My current work explores digital inequality among economically disadvantaged youth. The study examines the role played by information resources in everyday processes by situating information seeking and media use within respondents' larger social networks and access to resources.

 

While American teenagers are often presumed to be uniformly “wired,” in reality segments of the youth population lack high quality, high autonomy internet access. Taking a uniquely holistic approach that situates new media use within respondents' larger lifeworlds, this study examines the effects of digital inequality on economically disadvantaged American youth in a California high school.

 

Analyzing two primary surveys (n=850 & n=1,400), as well as focus group and interview data (67 respondents), my findings reveal the roles played by spatial-temporal constraints in fostering disparities in both usage and skills. Respondents vary widely in terms of their material access to a range of information resources, as well as in the skills they possess. They are ethnically and economically diverse, with the most economically disadvantaged coming from families with incomes falling below federal poverty measures. While 3% had never used the internet, 22% of respondents began using the internet within the last year, 35% within the last two to four years, and 43% over five years ago.

 

A close examination of the interview material discloses a dramatic divergence in the informational orientation or habitus internalized by respondents with more and less constrained internet access. Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of skholè, my work outlines the differences between the playful or exploratory stance of those with high quality, high autonomy internet access and the task-oriented stance assumed by those with low quality, low autonomy internet access. Analysis reveals that those with low autonomy, low quality access enact what Bourdieu terms a taste for the necessary in their rationing of internet use, striving to avoid what they perceive as wasteful activities with no immediate payoff. In my article in Information, Communication, and Society (2009), I develop a theory of “information habitus,” a potentially invaluable concept in future research on digital inequality.

 

The study analyzes the constraints, opportunity costs, and social pressures that shape respondents' information seeking behaviors. In so doing, the research illuminates the social processes through which economically disadvantaged youth acquire particular skills and habits associated with the use of information technologies. Analysis indicates that the ways that diverse populations use the internet, as well as their social circumstances, prevent inequality from being mitigated. One significant finding is the role played by temporal resources in developing a task-oriented information habitus. The majority of the most economically challenged respondents regard the internet as a dispensable luxury due to its immediate economic and temporal costs. For them, basic access to the internet does not have the same impact as it does for their economically privileged counterparts. Rather, in tandem with other resources, different use of the internet as an information resource replicates offline inequalities and accentuates the impacts of disadvantage.

 

 

Peer-Reviewed Articles and Related Publications

 

“Digital Inequalities Among American Youth: Access, Attitudes, and Information Seeking.” Forthcoming June 2009 in the Second Annual Special Issue of the Communication and Information Technologies Section of the American Sociological Association Information, Communication, and Society Volume 12: 4.


Virtual Structure vs. Digital Agency: Revolution, Mediation, or Replication?.” 2007 (August).

Re-public Re-Imagining Democracy.



Talks and Conference Presentations

 

“Developing a Taste for the Necessary: A Bourdieuian Approach to Digital Inequality Among American High School Students.”

UC Berkeley Center for Globalization and Information Technology, Berkeley, 2009.

 

“Orientations Towards New Media: Economic Disadvantage and Conditions of Access.”

American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 2009.

 

“Information Seeking and Evaluation Among Economically Disadvantaged Youth: Examining the Effects of Digital Inequality” (with Jeremy Schulz).

Southern Sociological Society Annual Conference, New Orleans, 2009.

 

“Training the Sociological Eye on Digital Inequality.”

American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Boston, 2008.

 

“Information the Wiki Way: Cognitive Processes of Information Evaluation in Collaborative Online Venues.”

International Communication Association Conference, San Francisco, 2007.

 

 

Grants

 

2009-2010       Presidential Research Grant

                        Santa Clara University

 

2009                Provost's Research Grant

                        Santa Clara University

 

2006-2008       Postdoctoral Fellow 2006-2008

                        John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Funded Project

                        University of Southern California & UC Berkeley